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NOAA is a group of meteorological satellites operated by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States of America. 17 NOAA satellites have been launched. GSI receives the data of the sensor of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer model(AVHRR) of No.16 and 17 satellites which pass above Japan past noon.
AVHRR sensor was designed to observe weather and temperature distribution. The characteristics of the sensor are shown on Table 1.
| channel | wave length band [micrometers] | items to be observed | ground resolution | frequency of observation |
| 1 | 0.58 - 0.68 (visible) | cloud, ice, snow | approx. 1.1km | daily |
| 2 | 0.725 - 1.10 (near infrared) | vegetation on land area, ground water | ||
| 3 | 3.55 - 3.93 (far infrared) | surface temperature, cloud | ||
| 4 | 10.3 - 11.3 (far infrared) | surface temperature, cloud | ||
| 5 | 11.5 - 12.5 (far infrared) | surface temperature, cloud |